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The foundation of immunoassays is the idea that a given antigen will trigger an extremely focused (unique) immune response, and that target compounds can be found in a sample by using the proteins (called antibodies) that are generated as a result of the immunological reaction. Immunoassays are quick and precise diagnostic procedures that use various proteins and antibodies to monitor biological systems. Immunoassays are based on an antibody's capacity to attach to a particular molecular structure and can be employed in the lab to identify particular compounds.

For more: immune cell-based assay